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Bitwise operations work directly on a number's individual bits rather than its value as a whole — the basis for permission flags, network protocols, and low-level optimization.

How to use it

• Enter one or two numbers in any base (binary, hex, decimal) and pick an operation (AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR, XNOR, NOT, or a shift).
• Pick a bit width (8/16/32/64 bits) — it affects how NOT and shifts behave at the number's boundaries.
• The result is shown instantly in several number bases for easy comparison.

Common uses

• Working with permission or setting flags packed into a single number (file system access rights, for example).
• Debugging a network protocol or binary format where fields are packed at the individual-bit level.
• A teaching example for understanding binary number representation and operations on it.

Things to keep in mind

The result of NOT and shifts depends on the chosen bit width — the same number gives a different result at 8-bit versus 32-bit width because of the different number of bits involved.

XOR is often used to toggle a flag — applying XOR twice with the same value returns the original.